- 11-Jul-2025
- public international law
Crew welfare is a critical aspect of maritime operations ensuring seafarers’ rights, safety, and decent living and working conditions on board ships. Indian maritime law incorporates international standards, especially the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC), 2006, to protect seafarers and promote their well-being throughout their employment.
The Indian Merchant Shipping Act, 1958, along with the Merchant Shipping (Seamen) Rules, and ratification of the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, form the basis of crew welfare regulation in India.
Ships must provide safe, hygienic, and comfortable accommodation, adequate food and water, and access to medical care. Work hours and rest periods are regulated to prevent fatigue.
Written employment agreements specifying wages, work conditions, leave entitlements, and repatriation rights are mandatory. Seafarers must be informed of their rights before joining the ship.
Regular medical examinations, availability of medical facilities on board, and compliance with safety protocols ensure physical and mental well-being of crew.
Crew members have the right to repatriation at the employer’s expense in case of illness, shipwreck, or contract termination. Social security benefits and insurance are provided as per law.
The Directorate General of Shipping conducts inspections and certification to ensure compliance with welfare standards. Non-compliance can lead to penalties or detention of ships.
Seafarers can report grievances related to welfare or safety to the shipowner, flag state authorities, or international bodies like the International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF).
Seafarers are protected against unfair dismissal and exploitation.
Access to legal aid and complaint mechanisms is available under Indian law.
Welfare officers and unions support crew members’ rights and welfare.
A seafarer working on an Indian-flagged cargo ship falls ill during the voyage. Under Indian maritime law and the MLC, the shipowner arranges for medical treatment and repatriates the seafarer to India at no cost. The seafarer also receives wages and social security benefits during recovery.
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