What Is India’s Stance On Freedom Of Navigation Operations (FONOPs)?

Freedom of Navigation Operations (FONOPs) are naval activities conducted to assert navigational rights and freedoms in international waters, often challenging excessive maritime claims. India, as a responsible maritime nation, supports freedom of navigation consistent with international law while safeguarding its own sovereignty and regional stability.

India’s Official Position on FONOPs

Adherence to UNCLOS

India recognizes the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) as the legal framework governing maritime rights, including freedom of navigation and overflight.

Support for Peaceful Navigation

India advocates for unimpeded lawful navigation in international waters and exclusive economic zones of other states, emphasizing respect for sovereignty and international law.

Non-Confrontational Approach

Unlike some naval powers, India does not publicly conduct FONOPs aimed at challenging specific maritime claims but promotes dialogue and diplomatic engagement to resolve disputes.

Regional Security and Cooperation

India engages in multilateral naval exercises and partnerships to promote a rules-based maritime order in the Indo-Pacific region.

Balancing Sovereignty and Freedom

India carefully balances its interests in protecting maritime sovereignty with upholding the principle of freedom of navigation for all nations.

Statements in International Forums

India regularly voices support for freedom of navigation in bodies like the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) and the United Nations.

Practical Implications

• India conducts naval patrols and escorts to secure its maritime boundaries.
• It promotes legal frameworks to resolve maritime disputes peacefully.
• Enhances cooperation with other navies to ensure maritime security and freedom.

Challenges

• Navigating competing claims and rising tensions in the Indo-Pacific maritime domain.
• Managing relations with major powers conducting assertive FONOPs near India’s maritime neighborhood.
• Ensuring India’s stance does not escalate regional conflicts.

Example

During a regional naval exercise, India emphasizes the importance of freedom of navigation by conducting joint patrols in the Indian Ocean with partner navies, reaffirming commitment to lawful maritime conduct without directly challenging specific territorial claims.