In India, the Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority and plays a crucial role within the legal and constitutional framework. The role of the Supreme Court in India encompasses a variety of functions, ensuring the interpretation and application of the constitution, protecting fundamental rights, and providing final adjudication on legal disputes. Here are key aspects of the role of the Supreme Court in India: Guardian of the Constitution: The Supreme Court is the ultimate interpreter of the Constitution of India. It ensures that laws, government actions, and executive decisions are in accordance with constitutional provisions. Judicial Review: The Supreme Court has the power of judicial review, allowing it to review the constitutionality of laws and executive actions. It can strike down laws or actions inconsistent with the constitutional provisions. Final Court of Appeal: The Supreme Court is the final court of appeal in the Indian legal system. It hears appeals from lower courts, including high courts, and provides the last opportunity for litigants to seek justice. Protection of Fundamental Rights: The Supreme Court plays a crucial role in protecting and enforcing fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution. It ensures that individuals are not deprived of their basic rights unlawfully. Writ Jurisdiction: The Supreme Court has the authority to issue writs such as habeas corpus, mandamus, certiorari, prohibition, and quo warranto. These writs are powerful tools for the protection of fundamental rights and ensuring justice. Resolution of Disputes: The Supreme Court resolves disputes of national and constitutional importance. This includes conflicts between different branches of government, disputes between states, and matters requiring constitutional interpretation. Public Interest Litigation (PIL): The Supreme Court entertains Public Interest Litigations (PILs) that allow citizens or organizations to bring matters of public interest directly to the court. PILs serve as a mechanism for addressing issues affecting the public. Advisory Jurisdiction: The President of India can seek the Supreme Court's advice on legal matters under Article 143 of the Constitution. While this power is not frequently exercised, it provides a mechanism for the court to offer opinions on important legal questions. Contempt of Court: The Supreme Court has the power to punish for contempt of court. This authority is essential for maintaining the dignity and authority of the court. Appointment and Removal of Judges: The Supreme Court, through the Collegium system, is involved in the appointment and elevation of judges to the higher judiciary. It plays a role in ensuring the independence and integrity of the judiciary. Setting Legal Precedents: The Supreme Court's decisions become binding legal precedents for lower courts. These precedents guide the interpretation and application of laws and contribute to the development of legal principles. Protection of the Federal Structure: The Supreme Court helps protect the federal structure of the Indian Constitution by adjudicating disputes between the Union and states or between states. Role in Criminal Justice: The Supreme Court reviews criminal cases, especially those involving questions of law and constitutional interpretation. It ensures fair trials and adherence to legal procedures. The multifaceted role of the Supreme Court in India underscores its significance in upholding the rule of law, protecting constitutional values, and ensuring justice for individuals and the society at large.

Dear Client, Supreme Court is the apex court and it safeguards constitution and it is the watchdog of government actions and protector of fundamental human rights. It is the head of all the judicial body and the highest court in India and it plays a vital role in the legal system and in the Organ of the Governmemt of India. It interprets the constitution, and also provide final verdict on legal matters and disputes. It also looks into the dispute between Central Government and State Government and also between two of more states of Union of India, and solve the issues. It is also called as the Guardian of the Constitution and the main final interpreter of the Constitution of India. It ensures that laws, government works, rules, policies and executive actions are within the constitutional provisions and not going against the Constitution. It has the power of judicial review, that means to review the constitutionality of laws framed and drafted by the government be it central or state government and most importantly it is also the Final Court of Appeal. It hears appeals from lower courts, and given the final judgement. It also protects the Fundamental Rights through various Writs which is given in Article 32 of Indian Constitution and also via PIL that is Public Interest Litigation. I hope this answer helps.

Dear Client, The Supreme Court is the supreme judicial body and highest court of the Judiciary in India and it plays an important role in the legal system and as one of the important parts of Judiciary which is one of the Organ of the Governmemt of India. It helps in the interpretation of the constitution, and also by protecting fundamental rights, and providing final decision on legal matters. It is also the Guardian of the Constitution: Main interpreter of the Constitution of India. It makes sure that laws, government work and executive actions are respecting the constitutional provisions. The Supreme Court has the power of judicial review, which means to review the constitutionality of laws of government and executive. It can remove any laws which is going against the constitutional provisions. It is also the Final Court of Appeal: The Supreme Court is the final court of appeal. It hears appeals from lower courts, and also from various high courts, and provides the last chance to seek justice. It protects the Fundamental Rights by ordering various Writs and also PIL that is Public Interest Litigation. Supreme Court also solve dispute between Central Government and State Government and also between two of more states of Union OF India. To conclude, Supreme Court is the apex court and it safeguards constitution and it is the watchdog of government actions and protector of fundamental human rights. I hope this answer helps.

1. Power to punish for contempt (civil or criminal) of court with simple imprisonment for 6 months or fine up to Rs. 2000. Civil contempt means wilful disobedience to any judgment. Criminal contempt means doing any act which lowers the authority of the court or causing interference in judicial proceedings. 2. Judicial review to examine the constitutionality of legislative enactments and executive orders. The grounds of review is limited by Parliamentary legislation or rules made by the Supreme Court. 3. Deciding authority regarding the election of President and Vice President. 4. Enquiring authority in the conduct and behaviour of UPSC members. 5. Withdraw cases pending before High Courts and dispose of them itself. 5. Appointment of ad hoc judges- Article 127 states that if at any time there is lack of quorum of Judges of Supreme Court, the CJI may with the previous consent of the President and Chief Justice of High Court, concerning request in writing the attendance of Judge of High Court duly qualified to be appointed as Judge of the Supreme Court. 6. Appointment of retired judges of the Supreme Court or High Court - Article 128 states that the CJI at any time with the previous consent of the President and the person to be so appointed can appoint any person who had previously held the office of a Judge of SC. 7. Appointment of acting Chief Justice- Article 126 states that when the office of CJI is vacant or when the Chief Justice is by reason of absence or otherwise unable to perform duties of the office, the President in such case can appoint Judge of the court to discharge the duties of the office. 8. Revisory Jurisdiction- The Supreme Court under Article 137 is empowered to review any judgment or order made by it with a view to removing any mistake or error that might have crept in the judgement or order. 9. Supreme Court as a Court of Record- The Supreme Court is a court of record as its decisions are of evidentiary value and cannot be questioned in any court.