Yes, a patient can sue a doctor for wrong treatment in India if the doctor’s actions amount to medical negligence. Medical negligence occurs when a doctor fails to exercise the standard of care that a reasonably competent medical professional would have provided under similar circumstances, and this results in harm to the patient. Here’s a detailed explanation: What is considered wrong treatment? "Wrong treatment" may involve: Incorrect diagnosis Administering the wrong medication or dosage Performing unnecessary or wrong procedures Lack of proper post-operative care Failure to inform the patient of risks Using outdated or unsafe methods of treatment Lack of consent before treatment However, not all unsuccessful treatments or medical errors qualify as negligence. The key is whether the doctor acted in a way that a competent professional would not have under similar conditions. Legal Grounds for Suing a Doctor: 1. Civil Action (Compensation) A patient can file a civil suit for damages (compensation) for medical negligence in a civil court. Alternatively, the patient can approach a consumer court under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, if the service was availed for a fee. Example: In Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha, the Supreme Court held that medical services come under the Consumer Protection Act. 2. Criminal Action If the negligence is gross and reckless, the doctor may be charged under Section 304A of the Indian Penal Code for causing death by negligence. The burden is higher here; mere error of judgment or a difference in opinion among professionals does not amount to criminal negligence. 3. Disciplinary Action A complaint can also be made to the Medical Council of India (now replaced by the National Medical Commission) or the relevant State Medical Council for disciplinary action against the doctor. Proof Required to Succeed in a Case: The patient (or their legal representative) must prove: That a duty of care existed That there was a breach of that duty That this breach directly caused harm or injury That damages (physical, emotional, or financial) were suffered Limitations: The suit must generally be filed within two to three years from the date the cause of action arose (depending on whether it’s in a civil or consumer court). Courts often rely on expert medical testimony to determine whether the standard of care was breached. Conclusion: Yes, a patient can sue a doctor for wrong treatment in India if the doctor’s act or omission constitutes medical negligence. Depending on the nature and severity of the negligence, the patient may choose to pursue civil, criminal, or professional remedies.